Abstract: The ongoing development of natural gas pipelines towards elevated pressures and accelerated flow rates increases operating pressures and loads on centrifugal compressors at gas transmission stations. Consequently, challenges such as structural vibration and fatigue fractures become more prominent, threatening the safe operation of these stations. This paper presents an analytical approach that combines theoretical modeling, numerical simulation, and experimental testing through a case analysis focusing on local cracking in a three-stage impeller of a compressor at a station. It also explores the mechanisms behind impeller fractures through fluid-solid coupling research. First, an analysis was conducted to investigate the patterns of aerodynamic load changes on the impeller. Secondly, static experiments were performed to determine the material strength of the impeller. A finite element model was then established based on the operating conditions to identify the vibration characteristics of the impeller through a solving process. Finally, alongside dynamic and static strength analyses, a static strength check and evaluation of fluid-solid coupling resonance risks were conducted to reveal the cracking mechanism of the impeller. The maximum stress observed at the root of the inlet blades of the faulty impeller reached 538 MPa during operation, which was lower than the tensile strength and yield strength of the impeller material, measured at 914 MPa and 841 MPa in the experiments, respectively. The pulsation frequency of the airflow across the impeller closely coincided with the natural frequencies of the structure in the sixth to eighth orders. These results indicated that the impeller' s static strength met the requirements, and the local cracking was related to the frequency of pulsating loads caused by airflow that approached the natural frequencies of the impeller. Thus, fatigue damage caused by resonance is identified as the underlying cause. The research findings provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the safe operation of compressors at gas transmission stations and for the structural optimization of impellers.