Abstract: As more high-pressure natural gas pipelines are put into operation in China, their complex operating conditions and potentially catastrophic failures pose significant challenges to the safe operation of pipelines. This study uses numerical simulation to compare the leakage, diffusion, and explosion characteristics of high-pressure natural gas under calm (0 m/s) and strong (5 m/s) wind conditions. The results indicated that under calm wind conditions, natural gas leaks accumulated and diffused slowly in front of obstacles, forming a stable, "mountain-shaped" gas cloud. The explosion limit concentration primarily occurred in the mid-to-far field (30 - 50 m) from the leakage. At a wind speed of 5 m/s, the gas cloud shifted significantly downwind within 12 seconds of leakage, expanding the explosion limit zone to the near-field and downstream areas (0 - 5 m). Concentration analysis indicated that natural gas concentrations near the ground (5 m height) exceeded those at higher altitudes (10 m), with wind significantly accelerating dilution at elevated levels. Regarding explosion propagation characteristics, the flame propagation pattern corresponded to the gas cloud distribution. The maximum explosion overpressure occurred in the gas cloud accumulation area (45 m from the leakage and 5 m above ground). Due to a more concentrated gas cloud under calm wind, the maximum overpressure (3.0 kPa) was significantly higher than under strong wind (2.15 kPa). Overpressure distribution varied by region: higher overpressure appeared at elevated positions near the leakage (≤ 35 m), while near-ground overpressure dominated the far field (≥ 40 m). This study elucidates the impact of wind speed on leakage, diffusion, and explosion propagation in buried natural gas pipelines. The findings provide a critical theoretical foundation and data support for dynamic risk zoning, optimal layout of measuring points, and targeted emergency response along natural gas pipelines.