Abstract: Pipeline optical cables are the primary communication carriers for oil and gas pipeline production networks, supporting critical functions such as production data transmission, system monitoring, and scheduling. Their reliable operation is essential for pipeline safety. However, with accelerated urbanization, third-party construction and excavation frequently damage these cables, leading to economic losses and potentially causing major safety incidents, including pipeline scheduling interruptions. Existing protection mechanisms suffer from incomplete monitoring, delayed early warning, poor collaboration, and inadequate adaptation to the specific requirements of pipeline optical cables. This paper addresses the prevention of third-party construction damage to pipeline optical cables. Drawing on a comprehensive review of current research status at home and abroad, it thoroughly analyzes the risks and influencing factors associated with cable damage and develops an intelligent protection system architecture featuring a four-level linkage: sensing, decision-making, response, and protection. Core modules at each level integrate technologies such as AI, 5G, and blockchain, with clearly defined collaborative logic and data transfer mechanisms. The system 's effectiveness is validated using data from a pilot project on a branch of the West-East Gas Pipeline. This research aims to provide a targeted, advanced closed-loop solution for pipeline optical cable safety and to offer technical support for the reliable operation of oil and gas pipeline communication networks.