Abstract: As the lifeline of national energy security, oil and gas storage and transportation projects directly impacts energy supply stability and public safety. Their construction quality serves as the core support to deliver the goals of increasing oil and gas reserves and output and improving energy security resilience. Amid China's strategic transition from the 14th to the 15th Five-Year Plan, these projects face expanding scales, complex construction scenarios, and an accelerated low-carbon transition. Although the current quality supervision system has made notable progress in regulatory standards and jurisdictional clarity, it still faces four major structural challenges: poorly adapted standards, ambiguous stakeholder responsibilities, lagging digital supervision capabilities, and insufficient professional competence within supervision teams. This paper proposes an innovative "fourin-one" supervision framework comprising precise control, physical quality assurance, digital empowerment, and proactive service. First, differentiated supervision mechanisms consolidate the primary quality responsibilities of all stakeholders. Second, model construction demonstrations and full-process inspections enhance the physical quality of engineering entities. Third, digital upgrades boost overall supervisory efficiency. Fourth, proactive supervision services mitigate the challenges of mismatched technical standards. Grounded in bottom-line thinking and the concept of intrinsic quality, this framework also emphasizes the coordinated management of quality, safety, schedule, and cost, providing a valuable blueprint for the industry's high-quality development.