某氢气长输管道设计要点

Key design considerations for a long-distance hydrogen pipeline

  • 摘要: 河北省某氢气长输管道工程已完成政府备案,其管径、设计压力和设计输量均为目前国内规划建设的纯氢长输管道之最。针对氢脆敏感、氢原子易渗入金属晶格、爆炸极限宽、压缩功耗大等特性带来的设计难题,结合该工程可行性研究与设计工作,从强度设计、材料、设备、施工到报批评价全链条系统分析了输氢管道与天然气管道的异同与关键技术要点。结果表明:钢管经氢环境相容性试验验证合格后,输氢管道可采用与天然气管道一致的强度设计系数;采用L415(X60)钢级、直缝埋弧焊管型与基于性能的壁厚设计方法,干线二级地区名义壁厚由19.1 mm减至14.3 mm,可节省钢管及施工投资约2.4 × 108元;阀门在阀杆、阀座、密封面、填料等部位均有专项临氢要求,流量计需按含氢工况专门选型;覆盖钢管、环焊接头与阀门的氢相容性试验及氢气工业性试验是控制材料临氢失效风险的核心手段。相关经验已支撑GB/T 20801.5—2025、SY/T 7820—2024等标准编制,可为后续纯氢长输管道工程提供参考。

     

    Abstract: A long-distance hydrogen pipeline project in Hebei Province has completed government filing, featuring a pipe diameter, design pressure, and design throughput that rank highest among planned pure-hydrogen long-distance pipelines in China. Aiming at design challenges induced by hydrogen-specific properties, including susceptibility to hydrogen embrittlement, easy penetration of hydrogen atoms into metal lattices, wide explosion limit range, and high power consumption for compression, this study systematically analyzes similarities and differences between hydrogen and natural gas transmission pipelines, as well as the key technical points. Based on the project's feasibility study and design work, this analysis covers the full chain from strength design, material selection, equipment specification, and construction to approval and evaluation. The results indicate that hydrogen transmission pipelines can adopt strength design factors identical to those for natural gas pipelines once steel pipes pass hydrogen compatibility tests. With a performance-based wall thickness design method adopted and L415 (X60) longitudinal submerged arc welded (LSAW) pipes selected, the nominal wall thickness of the trunkline in Class 2 locations is reduced from 19.1 mm to 14.3 mm, saving approximately RMB 2.4 × 108 in steel pipe and construction investment. Furthermore, specialized hydrogen service requirements apply to valve stems, seats, sealing surfaces, and packing, while flow meters must be selected specifically for hydrogen service conditions. Hydrogen compatibility testing covering steel pipes, girth welds and valves, together with hydrogen industrial tests, serves as the core means to control the risk of hydrogen-induced material failure. This project's experience supports the development of standards such as GB/T 20801.5—2025 and SY/T 7820—2024, providing a valuable reference for future pure-hydrogen long-distance pipeline projects.

     

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