Abstract: Oil and gas pipelines are susceptible to a variety of potential threats, such as geological subsidence, landslides, corrosion, and damage from third-party construction. Traditional patrol inspection methods often struggle to address the challenges posed by complex natural environments and growing safety hazards. This paper presents an oil and gas pipeline protection system based on air-space-ground integration technology, featuring core components such as satellite communication, UAV patrolling, and optical fiber monitoring. This integrated approach facilitates all-weather, comprehensive, real-time monitoring of the pipelines, ensuring safe operation in diverse and complex environments. The satellite communication system provides reliable emergency communication for oil and gas pipelines situated in remote areas, ensuring that communication is not interrupted during natural disasters such as earthquakes and rainstorms. The UAV patrolling technology offers an efficient solution for pipeline inspection, utilizing automated airports and autonomous cruising modes to significantly enhance both inspection frequency and accuracy. The distributed optical fiber vibration warning system enables real-time monitoring of vibrations along the pipelines, allowing for timely detection of potential intrusions or external damage. Additionally, the intelligent corrosion protection management system maintains effective cathodic protection by real-time monitoring of parameters such as pipeline current and voltage, while effectively mitigating stray current interference and addressing other deficiencies. Practical applications demonstrate the remarkable monitoring effect of the proposed air-space-ground integrated oil and gas pipeline protection system, highlighting improved efficiency and accuracy in pipeline monitoring. This system offers a comprehensive and intelligent solution for the safety management of oil and gas pipelines, presenting significant prospects for broad application.