Abstract: In order to study the distribution law and calculation method of circumferential stress of buried pipeline under traffic load, by comparing the measured results of field test with the existing theoretical calculation results, it was found that due to the superposition effect of vehicle left and right wheel loads, with the increase of buried depth of pipeline, the circumferential stress of pipeline gradually changed from "saddle shape" to "hump shape" along the axial direction of pipeline. However, the transformation depths of the two forms obtained by calculation and measurement were inconsistent. Due to the existence of load dynamic amplification effect, the actual circumferential stress of the pipeline was significantly larger than the theoretical calculation results. Therefore, the cross sections of the pipeline under the wheel and under the center of the wheelset should be calculated when calculating the stress of the pipeline, and then the larger values of them should be selected for pipeline design, and the load dynamic effect should be considered. The research results of this paper showed that the dynamic influence coefficient K could be introduced to modify the calculation values. The value of the dynamic influence coefficient K decreased gradually with the increase of the buried depth of the pipeline. For safety's sake, the dynamic influence coefficient K could be taken as 2.0 when calculating the circumferential stress of the buried pipeline under traffic load.