Abstract: The total mileage of long-distance oil and gas pipelines in China has surpassed 180, 000 kilometers, with pipelines over 20 years old accounting for approximately 20%-30% of the total. With the impact of aging, corrosion and other factors, the risk of pipeline leakage is increasing day by day. In addition to natural aging, external factors such as weld failure, geological hazards, and third-party damage also exacerbate the risk of leakage. Long-distance pipelines traverse diverse and complex geographical areas, including mountainous regions, tunnels, water networks, complex crossing zones, and goaf areas. These geographical conditions make emergency response and repair after pipeline accidents extremely challengeable. Currently, existing leakage emergency response technologies and equipment often lack sufficient applicability in these complex conditions. In certain critical situations, emergency response technologies and equipment remain underdeveloped, highlighting an urgent need for further research and innovation. This paper summarizes the risks and causes of leakage in long-distance oil and gas pipelines in my country, identifies the challenges of emergency response in complex geographical environments, and points out the limitations of current technologies. Based on this analysis, the paper proposes technical requirements for various emergency scenarios and explores the development directions for future emergency response equipment. Enhancement of multi-field collaboration and technological innovation, emergency response capabilities, and upgradation of equipment will improve accident response efficiency, safeguard energy security, and promote social stability.