Abstract: To accurately identify faults in rolling bearings and ensure the stability of the oil pump unit operation. Depth analysis of the original vibration signal was conducted in this paper, and the concept of disturbance wave was proposed using the difference between the stress wave and disturbance wave. Through simulation calculation, the different manifestations of stress wave and disturbance wave on the frequency spectrum were acquired. After that, a comprehensive method for diagnosing rotating bearing faults using stress wave and disturbance wave was established. Finally, actual fault cases of rolling bearings in oil pump units were employed to verify the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and prove the effectiveness of the analysis method. This research result enables on-site workers to detect abnormal changes in rolling bearings, determine the location of faults, identify the cause of faults, develop targeted maintenance plans, and ensure the safe operation of long-distance crude oil and finished oil pipeline oil pump units.